R & D Institutions

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This community will list all the R & D centers in Zanzibar.

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    PERFORMING EVALUATION OF PROMISING CASSAVA GENOTYPES AT KIZIMBANI ZANZIBAR
    (Zanzibar Agricultural Research Institute, 2023) Salma Omar Mohammed; Ali Hamad Ali; Mushi.E; H.S. Juma
    Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a staple crop grown in over 90 countries, supporting the livelihoods of half a billion people in the developing world, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is vital both as a food security and for industrial processing due to its adaptability to diverse environments and tolerance to drought and acidic soils. This study addresses the need for developing high-yielding, Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD)-resistant varieties to improve food security and economic stability in Zanzibar.The specific objectives include screening cassava genotypes for CBSD resistance and conducting participatory evaluations with farmers to understand their preferences for various cassava traits. The research was conducted at the Zanzibar Agricultural Research Institute (ZARI), Kizimbani, with trials planted during the long rains (Masika season) in April 2022 and repeated in April 2023. The study employed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications, each assigned 10 treatments of cassava varieties. Data collection included plant establishment, disease and pest tolerance, root yield. Key findings indicate that extended rainfall contributed to the good growth performance of the evaluated cassava genotypes. Mahonda and KBH2016B/521 exhibited the highest root yields, with 33.83 t/ha and 23.03 t/ha, respectively, while the local variety (Mtotoshoo) had the lowest yield (16.92 t/ha). The introduction of new CBSD-tolerant varieties significantly improved the cassava-growing system in Zanzibar. Disease incidence and severity were notably low across most genotypes, except for Mtotoshoo, which showed high CBSD incidence and severity. All evaluated genotypes demonstrated high harvest indices, indicating efficient conversion of photosynthates into economically valuable products.Farmers' participatory evaluations revealed a strong preference for genotypes KBH2016B/316, MAHONDA, KBH2016B/3038, and KBH2016B/521 due to their high yield, disease tolerance, high dry matter content, and root shape suitable for selling.
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    MENAI BAY BIODIVERSITY FAUNA AND FLORA RESOURCES INVENTORY IN MENAI BAY ZANZIBAR.
    (Zanzibar Agricultural Research Institute, 2023) Wahida M. Ali; Dr. Masoud Salim Said; Seif Hamza Mohammed; Mossi Seif Khatib; Maulid Khalifa Abdalla
    The world is home to millions of flora and fauna species, each adapted to different environments including tropical, temperate, polar, terrestrial, freshwater or marine, high or low altitude, dry, wet or a mixture and intermediate of foresaid conditions. The Earth's biodiversity contributes to the productivity of natural and agricultural systems. Tanzania has a rich and diverse spectrum of animals and plants including a wide variety of endemic species and subspecies. Menai Bay is among most common area with a wide range of fauna and flora diversity, direct depends on the natural (environmental) and anthropogenic conditions. Therefore, this research intended to identify and describe fauna and flora species in Menai Bay with their affecting environmental and anthropogenic conditions. The research was conducted in Kikungwi ,Unguja Ukuu, Uzi and Muungoni villages within the Menai Bay area located in the South West Region of Unguja Island. Data for this research were collected through observational walk along coastal line capturing information within 50m from the seashore towards inland as well as 50m towards sea followed by interviews to the prominent personnel in each of villages. This research has found that Menai Bay and its surroundings is likely maintain its intactness on fauna and flora resources and can be used as among the hub for exploration and its contribution on knowledge, wildlife, culture, tourism, for social and economic gain of individuals, groups, family as well as the country as whole. This research on inventory of fauna and flora resources of Menai Bay concluded that fauna and flora resources are relatively decreasing in diversity and number of species specifically Jeta might enter on endangered stage.
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    ASSESSING CHALLENGES RELATED TO HORTICULTURE PRODUCTION AND ITS IMPLICATION TO FOOD SECURITY AMONG HORTICULTURE FARMERS IN ZANZIBAR
    (Acta Agriculturae Slovenica Journal, 2023) Dr. Ahmed Gharib Khamis; Ali Abdulla Ali,Mwanamanga Haji Ali; Ali Seif Nassor; Mohammed Omar Hamad; Salma Omar Mohammed; Dr. Mohammed Dhamir Kombo.
    Horticulture production is crucial for food security, nutritional quality, and economic development in Zanzibar. This study assesses the challenges faced by horticulture farmers and their implications for food security. Data were collected through a survey of 307 farmers, focusing on sociodemographic characteristics, types of crops grown, major challenges, knowledge and awareness of pesticide use, organic farming practices, and levels of food insecurity. Findings reveal that the main challenges include inadequate irrigation facilities, limited access to quality seeds and fertilizers, pest and disease management, financial constraints, and insufficient extension services. Despite these challenges, most farmers experience little to moderate food insecurity. The study underscores the need for improved irrigation infrastructure, access to quality inputs, effective pest management strategies, enhanced market access, and the promotion of organic farming to boost horticulture productivity and sustainability in Zanzibar. A comprehensive approach involving government policies, private sector investments, and community-based initiatives is essential for addressing these challenges and ensuring a stable and nutritious food supply for the population.
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    EFFECTIVENESS OF LOCAL BIOPESTICIDES IN THE CONTROL OF DIAMONDBACK MOTH (PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA L.) IN CABBAGE PRODUCTION IN ZANZIBAR, TANZANIA
    (Acta Agriculturae Slovenica Journal, 2024) Dr. Ahmed Gharib Khamis; Ali Abdulla Ali,Mwanamanga Haji Ali; Ali Seif Nassor; Mohammed Omar Hamad; Salma Omar Mohammed; Dr. Mohammed Dhamir Kombo.
    This experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of different types of local biopesticides to control diamondback moth (DBM) in cabbage production in Zanzibar. The experiment was conducted in horticulture farms at Zanzibar Agricultural Research Institute. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with 6 treatments and a control, each of which was replicated 3 times. The water extract of the following plants were used as biopesticide which are garlic (T1), pepper (T2), clove (T3), mixture of garlic and pepper (T4), mixture of garlic and clove (T5), synthetic insecticide (T6) and a control (T0). The parameters were evaluated by conducting initial data collection (before treatment) and final data collection (after treatment). The average number of leaves affected by DBM and yield in terms of average weight (kg) of cabbage at the harvest stage were recorded. Results showed that T6 was associated with a lowest average number of affected leaves and higher yield followed by T4 , T1 and T5. Overall, garlic-treated plots had recorded higher yield compared to the non-garlic treated plots. Therefore, garlic extract as local biopesticide can effectively repel DBM. This study recommends that garlic can be used as an alternative to using synthetic chemicals to control DBM in cabbage crop.
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    Community perspectives on the magnitude of Xeroderma pigmentosum and care-seeking practices in Micheweni district, Pemba: a mixed-methods cross￾sectional study
    (BMJ Open, 2024) Lucas E Matemba,1 Elizabeth H Shayo ,2 Ame Masemo,3 Nahya K Nassor,3 Mayassa S Ally,3 Judith Msovela 4
    Objectives To determine the community’s perception on the magnitude of Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) disease and healthcare-seeking practices in Micheweni, Pemba in response to the public widespread information on the increased burden of the disease. Design Mixed-methods cross-sectional study. Setting Micheweni district, Pemba. Participants 211 male and female adults in the household survey, three caretakers/parents of patients with XP in the case study, 20 key community leaders/ influential people and health workers in in-depth interviews and 50 community members and other leaders in six focus groups. Results This study has revealed that XP disease exists in few families of which some of them have more than one child affected. The record review showed that there were a total of 17 patients who were diagnosed with the disease for the past 3 years, however only 10 were alive during the time of the survey. Findings from the community members revealed that several patients were believed to have XP disease and perceived causes include inheritance, food types, beliefs and other sociocultural practices. Stigma and discrimination were reported by caretakers and religious leaders. However, some cases believed to be XP were identified as other skin conditions when clinical examination was performed by the team of our researchers. There is a great confusion about XP and other skin diseases. Conclusion The study has shown that XP affects only few families, hence termed as concentrated rather than a generalised disease. Due to the rareness of the disease, majority of people in the district are unaware of the disease, hence confusing it with other skin conditions. There is a need for the government in collaboration with other stakeholders to provide educational programme to community members about the disease to address the misconception about the magnitude of the disease