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Now showing 1 - 20 of 91
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    A Comparison of the Energy Policies in Developing Countries: a Case of Tanzania and China
    (International Conference on Advances in Social Science, Humanities, and Management) HAJI, IDDI SALUM
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    Aina za Usambamba na Dhima zake katika Riwaya Teule za Kiswahili
    (The State University of Zanzibar (SUZA)) MOH’D, Masoud Nassor
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    Assessing Community Adaptation Strategies to Floods:
    (The State University of Zanzibar) NASSOR, Badriya Salum
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    Assessing Strategies of Reducing School Dropout in Zanzibar
    (THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF ZANZIBAR) Ali, Mwajuma Abdallah
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    Assessing the Role of Alternative Learning Classes in Reducing Out of School Children in Zanzibar
    (THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF ZANZIBAR) Kombo, Hamida Moh’d
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    Assessment on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) on Adolescents (10 -15 YEARS) in Zanzibar
    (2017) Zanzibar AIDS Commission
    This assessment of the knowledge, attitude and practice related to HIV/SRH among adolescents aged 10 to 15 in Zanzibar has been carried out in May, 2016 with the aim of determining baseline information that will enable monitoring and evaluation of progress regarding behavior change among these adolescents. Specifically, the survey sought to assess awareness, understanding, and misconceptions about HIV/AIDS and SRH; along with the understanding of prevention of new HIV infections and risk behaviors. The assessment was conducted both in Unguja and Pemba in five districts which covered 31 Shehias and 26 schools. The exercise involved 477 respondents of which 235 (49.3%) females and 242 (50.7%) males, and accounts for about 95.4% coverage out of the target sample size of 500 respondents. The adolescents assessed included in and out of school. Regarding the adolescents’ attendance to school and those who are out of schools, the assessment findings showed that 93% of all 477 assessed youngsters are attending school and only 7.1% were found to be out of school. Youth who attend both schools and Madrassas were found that 81% of them are attending madrassa with females being more likely to attend compared to their male counterparts. Females attending Madrassas are leading by 86.4% against males who account for 77%. A special focus was given to whether the assessed youngsters are living with their born parents or guardians. With regard to this interest, the assessment revealed that 58.7% are living with their biological parents (fathers and mothers) and over one third (36.1%) are living with single parent (mother). Youth living with people other than their biological parents accounts for only 5%. Marital status for this age group was initially seemed to be not applicable but later it was not overlooked. Findings from the assessment showed the presence of about 12% of the assessed adolescents in marital bond, portraying evidence of early marriage practices. Distressingly, five youths (4 females and 1 male) which accounts for 1% reported to live together with sexual partners outside marital bond. Findings from this assessment indicate that there is high awareness related to HIV/AIDS with low awareness of Sexual Reproductive Health (SRH) in the assessed areas. The reason for this big difference in awareness between HIV/AIDS and SRH was not explored in this assessment was because it was beyond the understanding of the target group and was not known before. The main source of information for those who have heard HIV/AIDS was TV and radio which together accounts for 76.7%, while all other sources (schools/Madrassas, magazine, books and journals) accounting for only 32.3%. Another focus of this assessment was to measure what adolescents 10-15 know about HIV/AIDS and SRH while most of attitudes and practices appeared to be crosscutting between the two areas. Other findings which are rather astonishing, is the presence of early sexual practices among this group of adolescents from the lowest age of 10 years accounting for 12% of respondents of this age. Apart from those of age 10, all other ages from 11-15 years are practicing sex, which negates the inherent culture of Zanzibar, where youth start engaging in sex 11 only during marriages. These sexual practices reported to be done with limited of use condoms indicating that they are done unprotected, exposing this naïve group to the risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections and early pregnancies. Findings further disclosed the prevalence of early marriages among the adolescents who are in and out of schools and the underlying reasons for this include, among others, limited role on the part of imparting knowledge on HIV/ AIDS and SRH to this age group. This responsibility which was supposed to be done by parents/guardians was found to be not adequately done, despite the fact that majority of adolescents are living with their biological parents. Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) found to have inadequately played their part in educating adolescents on HIV/ AIDS and SRH. This calls for HIV/ AIDS and SRH actors/players to strengthen the existing initiatives and synergy to address this target group. A need to devise alternative approaches that will focus this age group and streamline the support for prevention against the spread and subsequent response to HIV/AIDS among adolescents deem necessary. About knowledge on how HIV is transmitted, the results of this assessment further indicate that 56.6% of the adolescents interviewed are aware of the ways in which HIV virus is transmitted. For instance, 56.6% of the respondents agreed that HIV is infected through sexual intercourse; blood contacts were 55.4%; mother to child transmission 59.7% and risk behaviors 60%. The level of knowledge, attitudes and practices explored within this age group, are among the valuable inputs to guide the government in undertaking necessary interventions focusing this target group. Either, findings from this assessment will be appropriate to support government efforts to respond to HIV/AIDS and SRH for this adolescent group in the society. In addition, the findings indicate positive and negative responses with regards to issues of HIV/AIDS and SRH. Despite the fact that a good number of respondents found to be aware and have right information regarding the two assessed areas, there are considerable responses which express either ignorance or uncertainty. The situation explained in this report warrants for creating special awareness programs that target the adolescents of this age group. Based on these assessment results, the assessment team therefore recommend to HIV/AIDS and SHR players to develop appropriate awareness and training programs; incorporate HIV/ AIDS and SRH in school curriculum; improve role of parents and NGOs in educating and disseminating HIV/AIDS and SRH information to adolescents and develop a monitoring and evaluation mechanism for its sustainability
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    Assessment of Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism in Tanzania
    (2019) Bank of Tanzania
    This study aims at assessing the effectiveness of alternative monetary policy transmission channels in Tanzania. Theoretically, the monetary policy transmission is expected to differ between developed and developing countries due to varied structural and institutional features. The empirical work undertaken by this study suggests that the sensitivity of output and prices to changes in monetary policy are generally weak and slow. Moreover, the study found a significant contribution of monetary policy in explaining dynamics of supply of credit to private sector which matters in fostering the growth of the economy. And lastly, it appears that inflation and exchange rate dynamics in Tanzania are highly influenced by developments in the international oil prices. There are potentially three policy implications, the first one being sustaining financial sector reforms geared towards eliminating the remaining structural impediments that hinder financial deepening, the Bank may choose to switch to an alternative monetary policy framework that has proved to be successful in attaining price stability, the Bank of Tanzania should continue with close monitoring of the global developments especially the movements in the international oil prices and react appropriately in order to safeguard the domestic macroeconomic stability.
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    Best Way to Increase Seaweed Production, Improve Seaweed Trade, Value Addition and Processing in Zanzibar
    (zanzibar planning commission, 2018-09) Zanzibar Planning Commission
    Seaweed farming is increasingly becoming an important alternative source of income to the majority of people in Zanzibar, especially women. It is estimated that the sector employs more than 23,654 people majority of them are women. Besides, the sector is the third contributor of foreign exchange after tourism and cloves. Seaweed contains gelling substances (carrageenan and agar and alginates) that are mainly extracted and used as thickening materials in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, textile, and painting industries. In the food industry, seaweed is also consumed as salad and added as ingredient in pastries and several foods. Seaweed is the largest marine export product in Zanzibar.
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    Capacity Needs Assessment Required by Public Relations Offices in Zanzibar Public Sectors
    (The Institute of Public Administration, 2022-05) The Institute of Public Administration
    This study sought to explore Public Relations capacity required by Public sectors in Zanzibar. This study employed survey and cross-sectional designs seeking to collect information from a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. The quantitative approach was used for lower and middle level officers in public sector, while qualitative approach was used as supplementary method for top level officers. This provided a better assessment on the capacity needs required by public relation offices in Zanzibar public sectors. The research instruments used were questionnaire and the drop and pick method was used to collect data. Interviews were also conducted to acquire information from key informants within the government institutions.The total number of respondents was 413 (100%). Only 334 questionnaires were returned which accounted for 80.8% return rate. The reasons for this response rate was attributed to some of the respondents who were issued with the questionnaires and failed to return them on time and others were not well filled, while other few did not respond at all
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    Community Adaptation to Climate Vulnerability Effects on Banana Farming in Zanzibar
    (THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF ZANZIBAR) Haji, Thuwaiba Kassim
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    Comparative Analysis of Factors Affecting Farmers Cooperatives Development. Case Studies of Zanzibar - Tanzania and Baoding City of China
    (International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research (IJAMR) Mbarouk, J. Ali
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    Comparative Analysis of Factors Affecting Farmers Cooperatives Development. Case Studies of Zanzibar - Tanzania and Baoding City of China
    (International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research (IJAMR) Ali, Mbarouk J.
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    Determinants of Banks Lending Interest Rates in Tanzania: An Investigation Using Banks Balance Sheet Data
    (2019) Wilfred Mbowe; Sia Shayo; Aristides Mrema
    The study seeks to examine the determinants of bank lending interest rates in Tanzania, largely focusing on identifying the key determinants and their relative importance. Techniques employed comprise interest rates decomposition and econometric estimation using banks’ annual balance sheet data. Results on interest rates decomposition suggest that, the main drivers of lending rates are operating costs, non-performing loans; and costs of funds (banks deposits interest rate). The three factors accounted for 70.4 percent of small banks’ average lending rates in 2014-17; while for medium and large banks, they constituted about 69.5 percent and 67.4 percent of the lending rates, respectively. SMR ratio appears to play an important role in all banks' lending rates, but its share has been declining overtime consistent with the expansionary monetary policy measures pursued since 2014. With respect to econometric estimations, the findings confirm the role of operating costs, non-performing loans, and costs of funds in explaining banks’ lending rates dynamics. Operating costs, cost of funds, and inflation have a statistically significant positive effect on banks’ lending rates, while bank size and level of liquidity have a negative influence. SMR ratio is statistically significant but bears a negative sign except for locally owned banks. In relative importance, the main determinants of banks’ lending rates could be ranked as follows: inflation with an average positive impact of 0.432 on lending rates for a unit change in inflation, trailed by operating costs (0.261), and cost of funds (0.255). Bank size has the largest negative effect of 0.288 for every unit increase in the variable. These factors are also significant but with some variation across bank categories. The main factors behind high deposits rates include banks' high competition for deposits partly following tight liquidity conditions experienced by banks especially from 2016, largely due to cumulative impact of substantial decline in net foreign budgetary inflows, transfer of public institutions’ deposits from commercial banks to the Bank of Tanzania and heightened expenditure management. Factors affecting non-performing loans comprise global financial crises; credit screening weaknesses; a decrease in supply of loans partly contributed by factors such as liquidity tightness, and decline of effective demand for loans ascribed to domestic fiscal consolidation and disciple enhancement measures; capital enhancement measures including adoption of capital charge for operational risk, introduction of capital buffer and anticipation of increased provision due to adoption of IFRS 9. At the same time, operating costs are largely driven by costs related to employees’ salaries and benefits which account for an average of 43.7 percent of the banking industry’s operating costs and have been increasing overtime. Other notable costs components in this are rental expenses on premises and equipment, depreciation of premises and equipment, and utilities expenses. Employees’ salaries and benefits costs are much higher for small banks at 44.4 percent of operating costs compared to 42.5 percent and 43.9 percent for medium size and large banks, respectively. The implications of these findings are that effort should be directed at improving operational efficiency aiming at reducing banks operating costs. The key areas of attention are with respect to employees’ salaries iiiBank of Tanzania WP No. 17: 2019 and benefits, as well as rental and depreciation expenses related to premises and equipment. In this, banks may consider to take advantage of ICT advancement in the country in services provision so as to cut on costs of “mortal and brick” as well as employees. Priority could be put on utilizing the growing agent banking framework, and digital banking technology. Prudent consolidation of small banks could as well help cut on operating costs, improving efficiency, and enhancing liquidity levels. Also, measures need to be taken to reduce non-performing loans including through enhancing borrowers screening mechanisms enabled by credit risk management frameworks at bank level and mandatory use of credit reference system to reduce credit risk. Strengthening of the regulatory and supervisory role is important mostly targeting to ensure adequate liquidity in the banking system for daily needs. Since SMR is a tax on banks deposits, it is recommended to reduce it further from the current 7 percent (at end-August 2019) so as to enhance banks’ lending capacity. Nevertheless, such a move should be mindful of the absorption capacity of the economy in order to reduce the possibility for building inflationary pressures. The EAC statutory reserve requirement convergence target is 5 percent by 2021, the target is already attained by Burundi with a rate of 3 percent, Rwanda (5.0 percent), and Kenya (5.25 percent). Another area of attention is related to macroeconomic stability. That can be achieved through measures targeting higher and sustainable economic growth and low and stable inflation. The duo macroeconomic fronts are important in boosting demand for credit as well as improving loan repayment capabilities, hence reducing credit risks.
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    Developing inclusive pre-service and in-service teacher education : Insights from Zanzibar primary school teachers
    (International Journal of Whole Schooling) Juma, Said; Lehtomäki, Elina