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Item A Comparison of the Energy Policies in Developing Countries: a Case of Tanzania and China(International Conference on Advances in Social Science, Humanities, and Management) HAJI, IDDI SALUMItem A Quality Study of Managerial Factors Influencing the Peerformance of Shehia Administration Practice in Urban District Unguja.(Asian Reseach Journal of Arts and Social Science, 2023-07-05) RAHMA JUMA RASHID; Ruqayyah Mohammed Waqif; Ahmed Ally Abdallah; Abdalla Ussi HamadThe main concern of this paper is to explore the managerial factors influencing the performance of Shehia administration practices in Urban District Unguja. The study adopted a case study design.The data was collected through face to face interviews and focus group discussion with the total of 44 respondents selected purposively from the four Shehias of Urban District Unguja. Qualitative Data were analyzed by thematic Analysis. The findings of this study revealed that there are themes of factors that influence the performance of Shehia administration practices in Urban District Unguja such as the, lack of autonomy in decision making process, low co-operation between local government and Shehias, as well as inadequate resources and facilities. Therefore, through this study; the researcher recommends that there should be intervention of government to support Shehias in establishing economic projects. Provision of adequate and modern equipment on the Shehia administration activities; performing ongoingtraining to the Shehas and establishment of good policy that will allow a competent Shehas to be appointed to the position of Shehas so as to make sure administration activities is being done effectively.Item Aina za Usambamba na Dhima zake katika Riwaya Teule za Kiswahili(The State University of Zanzibar (SUZA)) MOH’D, Masoud NassorItem Analysis of Mathematics Lesson Planning Framed by the Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge(Eurasian Society of Educational Research, 2022-04-15) Salma Saleh Moh’d; Jean Uwamahoro; John Aluko Orodho<p style="text-align: justify;">Lesson planning is considered to be an important and efficient tool for effective teaching and learning process. Preparations of effective lesson plan requires teachers to be competent in the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). This study investigated how the mathematics teachers’ PCK impact their competences on designing effective lesson plans. Twelve in-service mathematics teachers from public secondary schools in Unguja-Island (Zanzibar) of Tanzania were involved. The data were collected using the reviewing of the teachers’ mathematics lesson plan documents and teachers’ interview. The data were analyzed in both quantitative and qualitative mode based on the lesson plan framework guideline (LPFG) and the criteria for better planning of the sections jointly with PCK abilities indicators. The percentage average of occurrence of the sections in the teachers’ designed lesson plan (DLP) and the percentage of occurrence of different category within the sections of the DLP in relation to the criteria were determined. Also, the challenges faced by the teachers in their DLP were identified. The result of the analysis revealed that the PCK competences of mathematics teachers are not good enough to impact their DLP, as some of their designing lesson plan sections were occurred inconsistently. Also, the implementation of PCK competences for effective mathematics teaching found to be at developing stage, as some criteria related to it were not clearly observed in their DLP. The study recommends the demand of in-service training for mathematics teachers on the implementation of teachers’ competences particularly PCK in the lesson plan designing for effective classroom practices.</p>Item Assessing Community Adaptation Strategies to Floods:(The State University of Zanzibar) NASSOR, Badriya SalumItem ASSESSING SERVICE QUALITY AND STUDENTS SATISFACTION AT INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (IPA) IN UNGUJA ZANZIBAR(HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ACADEMIC RESEARCH SOCIETY, 2023-01-18) MARIAM ALIThis study evaluated service quality and students’ satisfaction at the Institute of Public Administration (IPA) Unguja Campus. The specific objective in this study was to examine the Reliability, Competence and Means Communication of the employees in satisfying the students at the Institute of Public Administration. The study employed quantitative research approach. The sample size consisted of 241 students and survey questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive and Pearson correlation techniques were used to analyze the data from the respondents. The results showed that, (70%) means of communication of the employees, competence of the employees and reliability of the employee have positive correlation with students’ satisfaction at the Institute of Public Administration (IPA) Unguja Campus. The results revealed further that, independent variable which was the means of communication of the employees had greater correlation with student’s satisfaction at the Institute of Public Administration, Unguja (0.844, p < 0.01) with students’ satisfaction compared to reliability of the employees and competence of the employees. The study concludes that, means of communication has significant correlation with students’ satisfaction at the Institute of Public Administration. The study recommends that, the Institute of Public Administration should continue to implement the service quality standards in education to ensure continuous improvement of student’s satisfactionItem Assessing Strategies of Reducing School Dropout in Zanzibar(THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF ZANZIBAR) Ali, Mwajuma AbdallahItem Assessing the Level of Secondary Mathematics Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge(Modestum Publishing Ltd, 2021-05-07) Salma Saleh Moh’d; Jean Uwamahoro; Nzotungicimpaye Joachim; John Aluko OrodhoItem Assessing the Role of Alternative Learning Classes in Reducing Out of School Children in Zanzibar(THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF ZANZIBAR) Kombo, Hamida Moh’dItem Assessing the Role of Alternative Learning Classes in Reducing Out of School Children in Zanzibar(THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF ZANZIBAR) Kombo, Hamida Moh'dItem Assessment on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) on Adolescents (10 -15 YEARS) in Zanzibar(2017) Zanzibar AIDS CommissionThis assessment of the knowledge, attitude and practice related to HIV/SRH among adolescents aged 10 to 15 in Zanzibar has been carried out in May, 2016 with the aim of determining baseline information that will enable monitoring and evaluation of progress regarding behavior change among these adolescents. Specifically, the survey sought to assess awareness, understanding, and misconceptions about HIV/AIDS and SRH; along with the understanding of prevention of new HIV infections and risk behaviors. The assessment was conducted both in Unguja and Pemba in five districts which covered 31 Shehias and 26 schools. The exercise involved 477 respondents of which 235 (49.3%) females and 242 (50.7%) males, and accounts for about 95.4% coverage out of the target sample size of 500 respondents. The adolescents assessed included in and out of school. Regarding the adolescents’ attendance to school and those who are out of schools, the assessment findings showed that 93% of all 477 assessed youngsters are attending school and only 7.1% were found to be out of school. Youth who attend both schools and Madrassas were found that 81% of them are attending madrassa with females being more likely to attend compared to their male counterparts. Females attending Madrassas are leading by 86.4% against males who account for 77%. A special focus was given to whether the assessed youngsters are living with their born parents or guardians. With regard to this interest, the assessment revealed that 58.7% are living with their biological parents (fathers and mothers) and over one third (36.1%) are living with single parent (mother). Youth living with people other than their biological parents accounts for only 5%. Marital status for this age group was initially seemed to be not applicable but later it was not overlooked. Findings from the assessment showed the presence of about 12% of the assessed adolescents in marital bond, portraying evidence of early marriage practices. Distressingly, five youths (4 females and 1 male) which accounts for 1% reported to live together with sexual partners outside marital bond. Findings from this assessment indicate that there is high awareness related to HIV/AIDS with low awareness of Sexual Reproductive Health (SRH) in the assessed areas. The reason for this big difference in awareness between HIV/AIDS and SRH was not explored in this assessment was because it was beyond the understanding of the target group and was not known before. The main source of information for those who have heard HIV/AIDS was TV and radio which together accounts for 76.7%, while all other sources (schools/Madrassas, magazine, books and journals) accounting for only 32.3%. Another focus of this assessment was to measure what adolescents 10-15 know about HIV/AIDS and SRH while most of attitudes and practices appeared to be crosscutting between the two areas. Other findings which are rather astonishing, is the presence of early sexual practices among this group of adolescents from the lowest age of 10 years accounting for 12% of respondents of this age. Apart from those of age 10, all other ages from 11-15 years are practicing sex, which negates the inherent culture of Zanzibar, where youth start engaging in sex 11 only during marriages. These sexual practices reported to be done with limited of use condoms indicating that they are done unprotected, exposing this naïve group to the risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections and early pregnancies. Findings further disclosed the prevalence of early marriages among the adolescents who are in and out of schools and the underlying reasons for this include, among others, limited role on the part of imparting knowledge on HIV/ AIDS and SRH to this age group. This responsibility which was supposed to be done by parents/guardians was found to be not adequately done, despite the fact that majority of adolescents are living with their biological parents. Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) found to have inadequately played their part in educating adolescents on HIV/ AIDS and SRH. This calls for HIV/ AIDS and SRH actors/players to strengthen the existing initiatives and synergy to address this target group. A need to devise alternative approaches that will focus this age group and streamline the support for prevention against the spread and subsequent response to HIV/AIDS among adolescents deem necessary. About knowledge on how HIV is transmitted, the results of this assessment further indicate that 56.6% of the adolescents interviewed are aware of the ways in which HIV virus is transmitted. For instance, 56.6% of the respondents agreed that HIV is infected through sexual intercourse; blood contacts were 55.4%; mother to child transmission 59.7% and risk behaviors 60%. The level of knowledge, attitudes and practices explored within this age group, are among the valuable inputs to guide the government in undertaking necessary interventions focusing this target group. Either, findings from this assessment will be appropriate to support government efforts to respond to HIV/AIDS and SRH for this adolescent group in the society. In addition, the findings indicate positive and negative responses with regards to issues of HIV/AIDS and SRH. Despite the fact that a good number of respondents found to be aware and have right information regarding the two assessed areas, there are considerable responses which express either ignorance or uncertainty. The situation explained in this report warrants for creating special awareness programs that target the adolescents of this age group. Based on these assessment results, the assessment team therefore recommend to HIV/AIDS and SHR players to develop appropriate awareness and training programs; incorporate HIV/ AIDS and SRH in school curriculum; improve role of parents and NGOs in educating and disseminating HIV/AIDS and SRH information to adolescents and develop a monitoring and evaluation mechanism for its sustainabilityItem Assessment if Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Pahs) in Marine Sediments and Edible Biota from Wesha Coastal Area in Pemba Island - Zanzibar(THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF ZANZIBAR) Abdalla, Aida MohamedItem Assessment of Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism in Tanzania(2019) Bank of TanzaniaThis study aims at assessing the effectiveness of alternative monetary policy transmission channels in Tanzania. Theoretically, the monetary policy transmission is expected to differ between developed and developing countries due to varied structural and institutional features. The empirical work undertaken by this study suggests that the sensitivity of output and prices to changes in monetary policy are generally weak and slow. Moreover, the study found a significant contribution of monetary policy in explaining dynamics of supply of credit to private sector which matters in fostering the growth of the economy. And lastly, it appears that inflation and exchange rate dynamics in Tanzania are highly influenced by developments in the international oil prices. There are potentially three policy implications, the first one being sustaining financial sector reforms geared towards eliminating the remaining structural impediments that hinder financial deepening, the Bank may choose to switch to an alternative monetary policy framework that has proved to be successful in attaining price stability, the Bank of Tanzania should continue with close monitoring of the global developments especially the movements in the international oil prices and react appropriately in order to safeguard the domestic macroeconomic stability.Item Best Way to Increase Seaweed Production, Improve Seaweed Trade, Value Addition and Processing in Zanzibar(zanzibar planning commission, 2018-09) Zanzibar Planning CommissionSeaweed farming is increasingly becoming an important alternative source of income to the majority of people in Zanzibar, especially women. It is estimated that the sector employs more than 23,654 people majority of them are women. Besides, the sector is the third contributor of foreign exchange after tourism and cloves. Seaweed contains gelling substances (carrageenan and agar and alginates) that are mainly extracted and used as thickening materials in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, textile, and painting industries. In the food industry, seaweed is also consumed as salad and added as ingredient in pastries and several foods. Seaweed is the largest marine export product in Zanzibar.Item Capacity Needs Assessment Required by Public Relations Offices in Zanzibar Public Sectors(The Institute of Public Administration, 2022-05) The Institute of Public AdministrationThis study sought to explore Public Relations capacity required by Public sectors in Zanzibar. This study employed survey and cross-sectional designs seeking to collect information from a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. The quantitative approach was used for lower and middle level officers in public sector, while qualitative approach was used as supplementary method for top level officers. This provided a better assessment on the capacity needs required by public relation offices in Zanzibar public sectors. The research instruments used were questionnaire and the drop and pick method was used to collect data. Interviews were also conducted to acquire information from key informants within the government institutions.The total number of respondents was 413 (100%). Only 334 questionnaires were returned which accounted for 80.8% return rate. The reasons for this response rate was attributed to some of the respondents who were issued with the questionnaires and failed to return them on time and others were not well filled, while other few did not respond at allItem Changamoto Zinazowakabili Walimu katika Ufundishaji wa Kiswahili kama Lugha ya Kigeni katika Stadi ya Kusoma(SUZA) Suleiman Khalfan, ShaniItem Community Adaptation to Climate Vulnerability Effects on Banana Farming in Zanzibar(THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF ZANZIBAR) Haji, Thuwaiba KassimItem Community perspectives on the magnitude of Xeroderma pigmentosum and care-seeking practices in Micheweni district, Pemba: a mixed-methods crosssectional study(BMJ Open, 2024) Lucas E Matemba,1 Elizabeth H Shayo ,2 Ame Masemo,3 Nahya K Nassor,3 Mayassa S Ally,3 Judith Msovela 4Objectives To determine the community’s perception on the magnitude of Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) disease and healthcare-seeking practices in Micheweni, Pemba in response to the public widespread information on the increased burden of the disease. Design Mixed-methods cross-sectional study. Setting Micheweni district, Pemba. Participants 211 male and female adults in the household survey, three caretakers/parents of patients with XP in the case study, 20 key community leaders/ influential people and health workers in in-depth interviews and 50 community members and other leaders in six focus groups. Results This study has revealed that XP disease exists in few families of which some of them have more than one child affected. The record review showed that there were a total of 17 patients who were diagnosed with the disease for the past 3 years, however only 10 were alive during the time of the survey. Findings from the community members revealed that several patients were believed to have XP disease and perceived causes include inheritance, food types, beliefs and other sociocultural practices. Stigma and discrimination were reported by caretakers and religious leaders. However, some cases believed to be XP were identified as other skin conditions when clinical examination was performed by the team of our researchers. There is a great confusion about XP and other skin diseases. Conclusion The study has shown that XP affects only few families, hence termed as concentrated rather than a generalised disease. Due to the rareness of the disease, majority of people in the district are unaware of the disease, hence confusing it with other skin conditions. There is a need for the government in collaboration with other stakeholders to provide educational programme to community members about the disease to address the misconception about the magnitude of the disease